Seasonal Routine - Ṛtucaryā

The harmonious principle of like increases like, and opposites balance, helps us to balance our internal environment with each change of the season.  What is happening outside in nature like sprouting, flowering, shedding, and hibernation should be honored internally through our lifestyle choices.  The doṣas accumulate during the season in which their qualities are most dominant, so it is important for us to adjust our routine to balance and minimize the effects of this accumulation. 

When we talk about seasons in āyurveda we are talking about the temporal changes that occur in the environment annually, as well as the seasonal changes in reference to time of life.  We will first look at the doṣas in relation to temporal changes of the macrocosm and we are individually affected, and then with those same principles in mind, we’ll focus bringing balance and harmony to the microcosm of ourselves as we move through the phases of our lives. Through this process of discovery, we continue to consider the concepts of daily routine, as well as our own unique constitution.

The Three Doṣas & Their Corresponding Seasons & Climates

Pitta Season: Summer. Hot, especially hot & humid climates.

Summer is a time for expansion and celebration, it is light and bright.  It is a time to honor ourselves and the sun by rising early, and bring balance by swimming in cool water or resting in the shade during the heat of the day.  Getting outside to enjoy the early morning before the heat sets in is important this time of year, especially for more heat sensitive individuals.  Though we have less humidity (water) in the desert regions than other parts of the country, we do experience a significant amount of heat (fire) most of the year, and especially in summer.  During monsoon times it can be quite humid in the desert, which is more difficult to escape, as compared with the drier hot days.  In areas where there is more moisture in the air all of the time, it can be quite extreme in the summer months with the addition of excess heat from the sun. In the south western united states, beings tend to be less active outdoors during the summer because it is so hot.  So in areas like this, summer is also a time for rest.  We need to take advantage of the early morning for outdoor work, rest in the middle of the day, and utilize the cooler evening after the sunsets to resume outdoor work. In areas like the northeastern united states, where summer is so short compared to the long, dark winter, getting outside as much as possible is often good medicine.  However it is still quite hot and humid in the middle of the day, so being mindful to take rest in the shade remains important.  

Qualities: hot, light, sharp, penetrating, oily

Digestion: The digestive fire is naturally low and disperses to help keep us cool when the weather is hot, so you may find that your appetite decreases in summer.  It is wise to really listen and not over eat during this time of the year.  

Diet: Favor cool food and drinks, but not ice cold unless it is really hot out and you are overheating. It is never ideal to drink cold beverages alongside meals. Enjoy the cooling foods that nature provides like cucumbers, cilantro, melon, crisp greens, aloe vera. Though it is not grown locally for many of us, responsibly harvested coconut water can be a helpful cooling medicine during the heat of summer.

Avoid hot and spicy foods in excess like ginger, hot peppers, black pepper, and cayenne. Decrease the amount of ferments and vinegars you eat, including alcohol. Have less hot beverages, especially in the middle of the day.

Routine:

  • Rise early in the morning before or with the sunrise, and rest during the heat of the day.

  • Add coconut oil, if indicated for your needs, to your self massage and reduce the frequency of the practice.

  • Spray cool rose water or plain water on your face and eyes throughout the day. You can also mix peppermint and lavender essential oils with water in a spray bottle to mist yourself with.

  • Use cooling essential oils like sandalwood, jasmine, vetiver, or peppermint.

  • Moon bathing or moon gazing at night before bed is a great cooling activity for the body-mind-spirit.

    Exercise:

  • Avoid exercise in the middle of the day, and drink plenty of water before and after exercise to avoid dehydration.

  • Enjoy swimming in lakes, rivers, and the ocean. In the desert, take advantage of monsoon season to swim in the canyon pools.

  • Practice gentle flow yoga in a cool room with a fan, and avoid a vigorous, overheating practice. The solar plexus holds more heat in the summer; seated forward bends and twists will help dispel the heat. Summer is a great time to practice moon salutations.

  • Śītali prāṇāyāma (that which is cooling) is a great breathing exercise for releasing heat. Visualize releasing excess heat on the exhalation, including emotional heat like anger and judgment.


Vāta Season: Fall & early winter. Cold & dry climates, extreme temperature changes.

Fall is a time for transition and preparation for winter.  It is a time when routine will serve us well.   Desert regions, though less cold than northern mountain regions, have unpredictable weather patterns with extreme temperature changes between day and night.  Settling into routine during the fall will help us to be more balanced as we move into winter.  

Vāta doṣa is also increased at any time of change or junction point.  So as we move from one season to the next, especially in the junctions before one season has fully come to a close and the other has fully set-in, the qualities of vāta doṣa are heightened.  

Qualities:  dry, rough, cold, mobile

Digestion:  Naturally increases in the winter to help keep the body warm, so you may find the need for more food. Listening to your increased appetite during this time will help to balance vāta doṣa.

Diet: Favor warm, cooked, and heavier foods. Enjoy warm drinks, protein, oil, root vegetables, and stimulating spices.

Avoid dry, raw, and cold foods and drinks, and drinks with ice. Minimize your intake of dairy, especially cold dairy such as ice cream or yogurt from the refrigerator.

Routine:

  • Adjust sleep patterns to go along with the natural decrease in daylight. Take advantage of the darkness to rest and rejuvenate.

  • Focus on more oil massage and warming oils like sesame. Make sure not to go outside with a wet or oily head and/or too much oil on your body.

  • Wear a hat and cover your ears on cold, windy days.

  • Consider steam baths and humidifiers with essential oils of chamomile, lavender, or clove.

  • Oleate your nasal passages (nasya) daily. This practice is great to combat the dryness, especially if using a wood stove.

  • Use ghee or castor oil eye drops before bed.

Exercise:

  • Fall is a great time for hiking and slow and steady biking. Balance exercise with adequate rest.

  • Practice warming, grounding, and stable yoga postures. Gentle inversions, seated postures, legs up the wall, and slow rhythmic sun salutations.

  • Alternate nostril breathing is great for balancing vāta doṣa.


Kapha Season: Late winter & spring. Cool & wet climates.

Winter is the perfect time for rest and reflection.  It is a time for hibernation, a time to go inward.  As the days and nights begin to get warmer, spring is a time for growth and renewal.  We can take our reflections from the winter and get inspired for change and re-birth. With all of the spring growth, allergies tend to flare and people experience more sinus congestion.

Winter in the south western united states tends to be a time when people are more active outside than during the heat of summer.  We experience less heavy, moist kapha energy in the desert in general, but it is still present in later winter and spring.  The rainy, cold days in winter and early spring, though infrequent in the desert, are daily norms in the northern mountains, and are examples of kapha doṣa. Think mud season. Kapha season also brings the excitement of plant and animal growth/birth as tiny, bright green buds begin to unfurl and baby animals begin to wander out into the world. 

Qualities: cold, heavy, slow, slimy

Digestion: If you “listen”, you will notice that as we move from winter into spring, your digestive fire may decrease slightly.   You may crave lighter foods to cleanse the system from the accumulation of eating heavier foods over the winter months. Spring is a great time for a cleanse to prepare the body-mind-spirit for a new season.

Diet: Favor a diet that is lighter, drier, and less oily than during other seasons. Continue to enjoy warm food and drink, while also incorporating the early spring produce of your local area, such as spring greens. Drinking warm water with raw, local honey in the morning is great for mitigating spring allergies and helps to scrape away accumulated toxins (āma) from the system. Avoid heavy dairy products like cheese, yogurt, and ice cream (mucous producing foods). Reduce heavy proteins and oils.

Routine:

  • Adjust your sleep schedule slightly and get moving a little bit earlier in the morning.

  • Use a little less oil for your self massage as the spring days move into summer.

  • If feeling heavy or sluggish, alternate between dry brushing or massage with raw silk gloves (gharṣaṇa). Gharṣaṇa is great for promoting lymphatic flow, moving out built-up toxins (āma), and exfoliation of the skin.

  • Oleate your nasal passages (nasya) for prevention of allergies.

  • Use stimulating essential oils like tulsi, orange, eucalyptus, and frankincense.

Exercise:

  • Spring is a great time to get moving, especially in the morning.

  • Running, biking, spring skiing, and speed walking are all good spring time exercises to get the system moving.

  • Time for more movement and motivation in your yoga practice, while still practicing in a warm space. Heart and chest openers are great to improve circulation such as boat, bow, and cobra.

  • More vigorous breathing exercises (prāṇāyāma), such as breath of joy or bellows breath.

The Seasons Of Our Lives

We will each have many seasons within a single lifetime. Here we look at three phases of life, which are successive periods during which we have a natural, physiological increase in the qualities that characterize each of the doṣas.  As we move through the life cycle, each of the three doṣas, and their respective qualities are more dominant in our body-mind-spirit.  The seasonal and climatic support systems that we spoke about above, apply similarly to the three phases of life in relation to VPK, and their respective qualities.  We continue to adjust diet and lifestyle to fit our current needs, and honor ourselves with loving acceptance as we move from childhood, to adulthood, and finally into our wisdom years. While this section is divided into three distinct categories in relation to the tridoṣa, remember that will always be overlap. Movement from one phase to the next is a slow transition, not a set point, and will be unique for each of us.

Kapha Phase: Childhood (infancy to puberty, or around the age of 20)

The Kapha phase of life is (hopefully) slow, steady and stable. Children are resilient just like kapha doṣa. Childhood is about growth and abundance as is the spring/kapha season. This is a time of building and nourishment. It is also the time of life where children can be susceptible to colds, coughs, and runny noses, just like during the spring season. It is best to avoid cold dairy, and instead focus on warm, full fat milk products. While kapha has an affinity for sweets, rather than consuming sugary foods during this phase of life, focus the natural sweetness of whole grains and healthy oils. This is a time to instill memories of vegetables, fruits, legumes, and other whole foods into a child’s being. Maintaining a strong level of physical and mental activity and play is important during the kapha phase to encourage growth, flow of nutrients, and detoxification, which is also important during kapha season.

Pitta Phase: Middle Years (puberty until around the age of 50, or menopause for people with a uterus)

The Pitta phase of life is sharp, spreading, and transformational. It is a time for experiencing life and developing our gifts and purpose (dharma). Similar to the summer/pitta season when the digestive fire (agni) is dispersed, this time of life is about spreading our seeds (in their various forms, not just in terms of reproduction) and for establishing ourselves in community, family, vocation, movement work, career, etc. It is a time of focus, intelligence, and intention. Unfortunately, with the stress that sometimes comes along with determination and culturally skewed ideas of success, we can be more prone to inflammation and digestive disorders. It is a time of life where overusing vices like coffee and alcohol are especially pitta provoking. Proper nutrition, rest, and stress reduction techniques are important during this time.

In the teenage years, we often see some excess heat in the form of rebellion, impatience, intense drive, acne or other skin issues with the onset of puberty. The onset of menstruation is associated with pitta because blood is associated with pitta doṣa. As we move from the teenage years and early 20's into the later portion of this phase, many people in our society start to focus on a career, parenthood, or other goal oriented project(s). This takes intelligence, ambition, and organization, which are all pitta attributes. In the earlier portion of this phase of life, the qualities of pitta help us to more easily “bounce back” from the challenges of life, improper diet, or intense lifestyle choices. This becomes increasingly more difficult as we near the later part of this phase of life. It is an important time to listen and honor your body-mind-spirit, and not overdo, in order to prepare it gracefully to move into the vāta phase.

Vāta phase: Wisdom Years (after the age of 50-ish)

The Vāta phase of life is light, dry, and clear. It is a time to celebrate all of the hard work from the pitta phase, and begin to slow down. Like the fall/vāta season, this is a time for routine, a time to protect our energy, and go inward. It is a time to master self care and implement deeper meditation and spiritual practices. A time to celebrate more with nature, art, music, cooking, and loved ones.

Unfortunately the vāta phase is also a time where more vāta imbalances may occur, especially if we have not been mindful with preventative self care in the earlier years of life. Vāta is dry and rough, and as we age our body tends in that direction. We see things like osteoarthritis, the natural drying process with the onset of menopause, a loss of sharpness in the senses, and deterioration of muscle and brain tissue. Āyurveda does not look at the natural aging process as a problem or disease. Rather, by following the suggestions of daily and seasonal routine and celebrating ourselves at every phase of life, we employ self care in order honor these changes as they occur. Adding more nutrient dense foods and oil is useful to help support and strengthen the system during this phase of life. Abhyaṅga (self oil massage) is a vital form of self care during this time of life.

The junction between one phase to the next is not a set point.  It is a gradual transition, just like the cycles of the day and temporal seasonal shifts.  As we move from one season of life to another, the mobile, unstable energy of vāta doṣa is always present.  And the transition for each of us is unique.  There is not a set age or point of time that we all shift from one phase to the next, but we use the above information as a guideline.

Within all of these guidelines and suggestions, remember that they are just that.  Though they are based on the ancient texts of āyurveda, the science of life and wisdom, we are living right now in this moment.  In these modern times, many people have children or start new projects or careers later in life. 

The guidelines above are not suggesting that you not do that, but rather letting us know what to expect.  Anyone who has a new baby in their later 30's or early 40's knows it is exhausting and also beautiful and joyous.  It is simply a fact that new parents in their 20's have more energy than those in their 40's.  From my own life experience, I had more fire in my 20's for projects and adventure than I do in my 40's.  Does that mean I do not take on anything new or adventurous?  Of course not.  But I do move slower, and find value in filling my days with less.  I practice to accept myself just where I am, and support and honor that within the life choices that I make.

Take the practices that appeal to your body-mind-spirit and make changes slowly and gently.  See what works for you, be flexible, and do not get stuck in the idea of rules.  As you move through the phases of your day, life, season; breathe, pause, and continually check-in.  Your body holds all of the wisdom you will ever need, you just need to be still long enough to hear it.

Ether
Ākāṣa
El Éter

Air
Vāyu
El Aire

Fire
Agni
El Fuego

Water
Āpas
El Agua

Earth
Pṛthvī
La Tierra